Programmer vs. software engineer: What’s the difference?

At a glance

• Programmers’ primary role is to write computer code, but they also test codes, update codes and create script.
• Software engineers are involved with all aspects of software creation, including concept, design and coding.
• Explore information technology and computer science degree programs, as well as IT certificates, at University of Phoenix.

Companies are increasingly relying on digital tools for operation, and the market for IT professionals is growing accordingly. The demand for computer and IT specialists is projected to grow 15% from 2021 to 2031, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This is an anticipated 682,800 new jobs over the decade.

However, the demand for software developers is projected to grow at an even higher rate: 25% from 2021 to 2031. The open positions for computer programmers are expected to decline 10% from 2021 to 2031.

These projections indicate promising growth in the field of IT overall despite the predicted decline in computer programming roles. Here, we’ll delve into two branches of the IT tree: programming and software engineering.

BLS Occupational Employment Projections, 2021-2031 is published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This data reflects BLS’ projections of national (not local) conditions. These data points are not specific to University of Phoenix students or graduates.

Which IT career path to choose?

You might wonder which IT career path is best for you. An IT degree can lay the foundation for a computer-related career, preparing you to work with networks, databases, cloud platforms and other growing tech specialties.

Because of the rapid growth of computer and IT fields, many positions require specialized skills. This can make it tough to decide what to focus on during your training. The difference between a programmer and a software engineer is a prime example of this. Though these two positions have an overlapping skill set, they have different overall foci and require particular abilities.

Here’s what you need to know about the differences between careers in programming and software engineering.

What is a programmer?

Programmers write computer code necessary to build functioning software, applications and systems. They’re usually responsible for testing and debugging new and existing programs and handling updates, security patches and other fixes.

Entry-level positions typically require a technology degree, such as a bachelor’s in IT or computer science. It’s also possible to study a related subject, such as math or science, and learn programming languages independently or through a continuing education or certification program.

Programmers usually work as part of a development team. They handle coding and testing duties while software engineers or architects focus on the design and overall project management.

Responsibilities of a programmer

Programmers work on different types of software and applications, and they tend to focus on different coding languages, but their responsibilities are similar regardless of their specialization.

Here’s a look at programmers’ professional duties:

• Coding — Programmers use computer languages, including C++, Java, Python, R and C#, to create the different functions and actions of a program. They might work with existing frameworks rather than writing each line of code from scratch.
• Testing — Once initial coding is complete, a programmer usually has to test it. If something doesn’t work correctly, they find the source of the problem in the code and fix it.
• Update — Programmers can also create new versions of previously developed software or applications. They can add new features or functions, add security, or improve efficiency, speed or memory usage. This duty involves adding to or changing existing code.
• Change platforms — Some programmers re-code existing programs so that they work on different operating systems or platforms. For example, they might alter an iOS mobile application to work on Android devices.
• Create script and code libraries — Programmers create sections of code that perform specific functions. The dev team can then plug these into existing or new software to streamline the process of building new products.

Programmers work closely with software engineers and developers. Depending on the type of work arrangement and development philosophy, they might also take on design or project management duties. 

Types of jobs for software engineers

Like their programming counterparts, software engineers work in a variety of positions:

• Software developer — Software developers come up with programs or update existing software to provide solutions or meet specific needs. In addition to the initial design and concepts, they oversee the building and testing phases and ensure the final product meets the original goals.
• Database architect — Database architects design and build systems to store, organize and transform data. This career can include ensuring the data is secure and properly structured and creating applications for accessing or visualizing the information.
• Systems engineer — Systems engineers use software and hardware to create a computer or network system that meets the needs of their employer. This job includes coming up with applications and security features to ensure safe usage and efficient connections. Systems engineers can specialize in certain areas, such as cloud computing or embedded systems.

Computer science and IT programs at University of Phoenix

If you’re interested in pursuing a job in information technology or learning more about computer science, University of Phoenix offers online degrees and certificates in the following fields of study. 

• Advanced Software Developer Certificate — Learn to design and implement software solutions in relation to project scope and stakeholder needs. Study multiple programming languages and software architecture principles while earning this certificate.
• Associate of Arts in Information Technology — This program introduces you to information technology concepts and principles in programming, data analytics, cybersecurity and networking. Learn the essential foundation of technical skills for the IT field.
• Bachelor of Science in Computer Science — This degree program teaches you how to apply information technology theory and principles to real-world business challenges. Advanced concepts in math, programming and computer architecture are covered.
• Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity — This program teaches top skills such as security policies, network security, information systems security and cybersecurity.
• Bachelor of Science in Data Science — Gain fundamental skills and knowledge to analyze, manipulate and process data sets using statistical software. Learn ETL (extract, transform, load) processes for integrating data sets for business intelligence and more.
• Bachelor of Science in Information Technology — This program is designed to teach top skills such as business process, cybersecurity, information systems, operations and systems analysis.
• Master of Information Systems — Go beyond building computers and managing your queues with an MIS. Learn technical and leadership skills necessary for developing and managing information systems.